Throughout the lower Columbia River basin (Clark, Cowlitz, and Wahkiakum counties in Washington, and Clatsop and Columbia counties in Oregon), the Columbian White-tailed Deer is listed as federally threatened. Approximately 1,200 Columbian White-tailed Deer inhabit this area along the lower Columbia River as of March 2020.
In western white-tailed deer subspecies, populations are small, making them vulnerable to disease and stochastic events. As a result of sea level rise, tidally influenced island habitats and lowland habitats that live in this species will be greatly affected by climate change.